Kev txawj ntse mobile neeg hlau yog ib qho kev sib txuas ua ke ntawm ib puag ncig kev nkag siab, kev txiav txim siab zoo thiab kev npaj, kev tswj tus cwj pwm thiab kev ua tiav. Nws tsom rua kev tshawb fawb ntawm ntau yam kev qhuab qhia xws li kev siv tshuab sensor, kev ua ntaub ntawv, hluav taws xob engineering, computer engineering, automation tswj engineering thiab kev txawj ntse. Nws sawv cev rau qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm mechatronics thiab tam sim no yog ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm nquag tshaj plaws ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis.
Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg hlau, daim ntawv thov ntau yam ntawm cov neeg hlau txawb tau nthuav dav heev, tsis yog tsuas yog hauv kev lag luam, kev ua liaj ua teb, kev kho mob, kev pabcuam thiab lwm yam kev lag luam, tab sis kuj tseem muaj teeb meem thiab txaus ntshai xws li kev nyab xeeb hauv nroog, kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws thiab kev tshawb nrhiav chaw. . Daim ntawv thov zoo heev. Yog li ntawd, mobile neeg hlau thev naus laus zis tau txais kev mloog zoo los ntawm cov teb chaws thoob plaws ntiaj teb.
Kev tshawb fawb ntawm mobile robots pib thaum xyoo 1960s. Nils Nilssen thiab Charles Rosen ntawm lub koom haum tshawb fawb Stanford (SRI), thiab lwm tus, tau tsim ib qho kev tswj hwm tus neeg hlau hu ua Shakey los ntawm 1966 txog nruab nrab-1972. Lub hom phiaj yog los kawm txog kev siv cov cuab yeej technology txawj ntse, kev xav ntawm tus kheej, kev npaj thiab tswj cov tshuab neeg hlau hauv ib puag ncig nyuaj.
Raws li txoj kev ntawm kev txav mus los, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua: wheeled mobile robots, taug kev mobile robots (single-legged, two-legged and multi-legged), crawler mobile robots, crawling robots, creeping robots and swim robots. Raws li qhov chaw ua haujlwm, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua: sab hauv tsev neeg hlau thiab sab nraum zoov mobile neeg hlau; Raws li kev tswj hwm tus qauv, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua: kev ua haujlwm (kab rov tav) cov qauv neeg hlau, tus cwj pwm (ntsej) cov qauv neeg hlau thiab hybrid Robots: Raws li kev ua haujlwm thiab kev siv, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua: kev kho mob robots, tub rog robots, neeg hlau tsis taus. , tu neeg hlau, thiab lwm yam;
Lub tshuab neeg hlau tsim los ntawm cov sensors, cov chaw taws teeb tswj chaw taws teeb thiab cov neeg nqa khoom tswj tau txais kev tswj hwm. Cov neeg hlau txawb muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes thiab muaj ntau lub xov tooj ntawm tes ntau dua li cov neeg hlau dav dav hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov tib neeg hauv kev txaus ntshai thiab hnyav (xws li hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom, thiab lwm yam) kev ua haujlwm thiab tsis sib xws (xws li qhov chaw, hauv qab dej, thiab lwm yam) kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig. , yooj.
Ib tug neeg hlau txawb yog ib tug neeg hlau txawj ntse uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug complex ib puag ncig thiab muaj nws tus kheej lub koom haum, autonomous lag luam, thiab ywj siab npaj. Nws muab cov cuab yeej siv computer, xov xwm thev naus laus zis, kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis, microelectronic technology thiab robotics.